> Science Journals
> Cell Culture Handbook
> Cell contamination
> fluorochrome table
> stable transfection
other notes:
1000-1500 rpm for 5 mins....for freezing cells
Tissue culture media contains Calcium and Magnesium ions, foetal calf serum contains proteins that are trypsin inhibitors. Both Mg2+/Ca2+ INHIBIT TRYPSIN. The reason why we use PBS without Ca2+/Mg2+ to wash the cells prior to trypsinisation is to reduce the concentration of Divalent cations and proteins that inhibit trypsin action. EDTA is a Calcium chelator which will "mop" up the remaining divalent cations. If trypsin is allowed to stay in contact with the cells for too long a time, cell viabilty will reduce.
This should be the first principle of cell culture that you learn on day one. There are only very few cells that will detach with EDTA treatment alone.
==
hum...
Friday, November 16, 2007
Friday, November 02, 2007
[NEWS] C 型肝炎
[BBC NEWS] How Hep C bypasses cell defences
"The potentially-fatal hepatitis C virus evades the body's natural defences by slipping directly from cell to cell, scientists have found. This could mean treatments aimed at interrupting its progress won't work as well as hoped. University of Birmingham researchers told a Glasgow conference that this could explain the rapid spread of the virus in some patients. "
"The potentially-fatal hepatitis C virus evades the body's natural defences by slipping directly from cell to cell, scientists have found. This could mean treatments aimed at interrupting its progress won't work as well as hoped. University of Birmingham researchers told a Glasgow conference that this could explain the rapid spread of the virus in some patients. "
Thursday, November 01, 2007
[NEWS] 殺病毒，止癌症
[SciAm] Kill the Virus, Stop the Cancer
"Researchers have for the first time shown that as many as 1.3 million cases of cancer a year may one day be successfully treated or even prevented by targeting and destroying the viruses that cause them.
Scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York City say the finding could pave the way for conquering human cancers that are linked to preexisting viral infections, among them liver cancer (caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses), cervical cancer (from human papillomavirus) and lymphomas caused by the Epstein–Barr virus.
They key, they say, is to find and destroy the viruses before they turn cancerous. In an attempt to do this, the researchers used a technique known as radioimmunotherapy in which radioisotopes (unstable elements that release radiation) mounted on antibodies (protein molecules akin to infection search-and-destroy missiles) are injected into the body. Once inside, researchers found that the antibodies zeroed in on their targets—viral antigens—and the radioisotopes destroyed nearby cancer cells without damaging surrounding healthy tissue."
有沒有這麼神奇阿，可以控制 radioisotope 到接近癌細胞的時候才制出放射線？如果控制不夠準確的話，還是會殺死其他好的細胞，不過這樣最壞應該也只是回到目前的治療況狀，如果能控制到只殺死癌細胞的話，算是一個加分，也許能讓病人的免疫力不會減弱吧？
"Researchers have for the first time shown that as many as 1.3 million cases of cancer a year may one day be successfully treated or even prevented by targeting and destroying the viruses that cause them.
Scientists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University in New York City say the finding could pave the way for conquering human cancers that are linked to preexisting viral infections, among them liver cancer (caused by the hepatitis B and C viruses), cervical cancer (from human papillomavirus) and lymphomas caused by the Epstein–Barr virus.
They key, they say, is to find and destroy the viruses before they turn cancerous. In an attempt to do this, the researchers used a technique known as radioimmunotherapy in which radioisotopes (unstable elements that release radiation) mounted on antibodies (protein molecules akin to infection search-and-destroy missiles) are injected into the body. Once inside, researchers found that the antibodies zeroed in on their targets—viral antigens—and the radioisotopes destroyed nearby cancer cells without damaging surrounding healthy tissue."
有沒有這麼神奇阿，可以控制 radioisotope 到接近癌細胞的時候才制出放射線？如果控制不夠準確的話，還是會殺死其他好的細胞，不過這樣最壞應該也只是回到目前的治療況狀，如果能控制到只殺死癌細胞的話，算是一個加分，也許能讓病人的免疫力不會減弱吧？
Friday, October 26, 2007
[NEWS] Setback for Nigeria's Polio Fighters
[TIME] Setback for Nigeria's Polio Fighters
"Health workers in Nigeria fear they're on the verge again — of collapse. When the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control revealed in early October that 69 Nigerian children had been paralyzed by polio virus since 2005 — and had contracted the illness through exposure to the live virus found in the oral vaccine drop — it was the nightmare situation public health workers had been dreading: the rare vaccine-related outbreak that could spark renewed paranoia and permanently halt eradication efforts."
這是今天上課老師提到的新聞，在 Science 期刊上也有，聽到的時候一直在想 Polio 的中文是什麼，原來是小兒麻痺。那 smallpox 呢？我知道疫苗是用 vaccina virus 做的，大家小學的時候都打過，手臂上會有一小塊疤，那是打什麼的？中文一直想不起來，腦海中只一直冒出「小兒痲痺」四個字，想說到底 smallpox 和 Polio 哪個才是小兒麻痺？厚，smallpox 是天花啦！
牛痘疫苗有很貴嘛？老師說現在美國都沒在打的，因為他們認為 smallpox 已經絕種了，但是其實…嗯，還是有爭議的吧！不過美國認為打疫苗不重要，而且沒在打，讓我覺得很不可思議，老師也覺得難以理解，疫苗很重要的阿！台灣的新生兒應該出生沒多久，每個都什麼能打的疫苗都打了吧！
"Health workers in Nigeria fear they're on the verge again — of collapse. When the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control revealed in early October that 69 Nigerian children had been paralyzed by polio virus since 2005 — and had contracted the illness through exposure to the live virus found in the oral vaccine drop — it was the nightmare situation public health workers had been dreading: the rare vaccine-related outbreak that could spark renewed paranoia and permanently halt eradication efforts."
這是今天上課老師提到的新聞，在 Science 期刊上也有，聽到的時候一直在想 Polio 的中文是什麼，原來是小兒麻痺。那 smallpox 呢？我知道疫苗是用 vaccina virus 做的，大家小學的時候都打過，手臂上會有一小塊疤，那是打什麼的？中文一直想不起來，腦海中只一直冒出「小兒痲痺」四個字，想說到底 smallpox 和 Polio 哪個才是小兒麻痺？厚，smallpox 是天花啦！
牛痘疫苗有很貴嘛？老師說現在美國都沒在打的，因為他們認為 smallpox 已經絕種了，但是其實…嗯，還是有爭議的吧！不過美國認為打疫苗不重要，而且沒在打，讓我覺得很不可思議，老師也覺得難以理解，疫苗很重要的阿！台灣的新生兒應該出生沒多久，每個都什麼能打的疫苗都打了吧！
[NEWS] Study to probe whether acne drug can slow MS
[CTV.ca] Study to probe whether acne drug can slow MS
"Researchers in Calgary are preparing to begin a new study to see whether a commonly available acne medication could help delay the crippling effects of multiple sclerosis.
The medication, called minocycline, has been available for over 30 years. If it's proven effective in delaying the progress of MS, it could offer an inexpensive option for the treatment of early stages of the disease."
舊藥新用，治痘痘的藥，可以拿來治療MS(multiple sclerosis)？
"Researchers in Calgary are preparing to begin a new study to see whether a commonly available acne medication could help delay the crippling effects of multiple sclerosis.
The medication, called minocycline, has been available for over 30 years. If it's proven effective in delaying the progress of MS, it could offer an inexpensive option for the treatment of early stages of the disease."
舊藥新用，治痘痘的藥，可以拿來治療MS(multiple sclerosis)？
Thursday, October 18, 2007
好用線上資源
online nucleotide concentration convertor
1. ng/ml to pM (vice visa): http://www.ambion.com/techlib/append/concentration_calculator.html
2. weight to mole (vice visa): http://molbiol.edu.ru/eng/scripts/h01_07.html (很多單位大小可選)
1. ng/ml to pM (vice visa): http://www.ambion.com/techlib/append/concentration_calculator.html
2. weight to mole (vice visa): http://molbiol.edu.ru/eng/scripts/h01_07.html (很多單位大小可選)
Thursday, October 11, 2007
[NEWS] HPV Vaccine
原來HPV Vaccine 用的只有viral proteins，而不是viral DNA，
所以專家 Dr. Murphy 說她很安全，更多資訊在：
[CBC] Your Interview: HPV Vaccine
Dr. Murphy 是加拿大多倫多大學(Univ. of Toronto)的教授。
所以專家 Dr. Murphy 說她很安全，更多資訊在：
[CBC] Your Interview: HPV Vaccine
Dr. Murphy 是加拿大多倫多大學(Univ. of Toronto)的教授。
[NEWS] HIV Vaccine
愛滋疫苗上個月公佈失敗的新聞。
從PubMed 的連結點進去會看到這則新聞公告：
Clinical Alter: Immunizations are discontinued in two HIV Vaccine trials
其他相關新聞：
Clinical Alter: Immunizations are discontinued in two HIV Vaccine trials
[NIAID] Q&A: HVTN 502 and HVTN 503 HIV Vaccine Clinical Tirals
[SciAm] HIV Vaccine Hopeful Fails
[Science] Building an HIV-Proof Immune System
[Science] AIDS Research: Promising Prevention Interventions Perform Poorly in Trials
[Science] AIDS Research: Promising AIDS Vaccine's Failure Leaves Field Reeling
其實在我看到這則公告之前，都不知道有人在研究愛滋疫苗，畢竟研究藥物就困難重重了，沒想到卻有人致力於這個部份，心想真是不得了，雖然沒有成功，但總是一個嘗試。
從PubMed 的連結點進去會看到這則新聞公告：
Clinical Alter: Immunizations are discontinued in two HIV Vaccine trials
其他相關新聞：
Clinical Alter: Immunizations are discontinued in two HIV Vaccine trials
[NIAID] Q&A: HVTN 502 and HVTN 503 HIV Vaccine Clinical Tirals
[SciAm] HIV Vaccine Hopeful Fails
[Science] Building an HIV-Proof Immune System
[Science] AIDS Research: Promising Prevention Interventions Perform Poorly in Trials
[Science] AIDS Research: Promising AIDS Vaccine's Failure Leaves Field Reeling
其實在我看到這則公告之前，都不知道有人在研究愛滋疫苗，畢竟研究藥物就困難重重了，沒想到卻有人致力於這個部份，心想真是不得了，雖然沒有成功，但總是一個嘗試。
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